PEDSnet Database Version 2025.03

Data Summary

N=15,015,105

Summary Variables	N
Total Outpatient/ED Visits	219,670,249
Total Hospitalizations	5,863,644

Table 1. Patient Characteristics

Characteristic	Active (visit in last 18 months)	Overall
	N=5,703,384	N=15,015,105
Age at First Visit (in years)
0	2,707,791 (47.5%)	4,981,118 (33.2%)
1 - 4	1,285,479 (22.5%)	3,339,053 (22.2%)
5 - 11	983,279 (17.2%)	3,263,061 (21.7%)
12 - 17	424,337 (7.4%)	2,043,890 (13.6%)
18 - 24	60,931 (1.1%)	331,954 (2.2%)
25+	241,567 (4.2%)	1,029,204 (6.9%)
Mean	4.9	7.5
Median [Q1, Q3]	1.2 [0.0, 6.5]	3.7 [0.4, 11.1]
Age at Last Visit (in years)
0	338,564 (5.9%)	941,609 (6.3%)
1 - 4	1,160,153 (20.3%)	2,772,694 (18.5%)
5 - 11	1,848,686 (32.4%)	4,137,847 (27.6%)
12 - 17	1,511,216 (26.5%)	4,018,975 (26.8%)
18 - 24	494,607 (8.7%)	1,795,509 (12.0%)
25+	350,158 (6.1%)	1,321,646 (8.8%)
Mean	11.4	12.7
Median [Q1, Q3]	10.0 [4.7, 15.7]	11.4 [5.0, 17.3]
Duration of Follow-up (in years)
Mean	6.5	5.2
Median [Q1, Q3]	5.2 [1.6, 10.3]	3.3 [0.4, 8.6]
Duration of Follow-up for All Chronic Patients (in years)*
Mean	7.9	7.3
Median [Q1, Q3]	6.9 [3.2, 11.8]	6.1 [2.6, 11.2]
Year of Cohort Entry
Mean	2018	2015
Median [Q1, Q3]	2019 [2014, 2023]	2016 [2011, 2020]
Institution
CCHMC	514,809 (9.0%)	1,132,479 (7.5%)
CHOP	685,070 (12.0%)	1,732,454 (11.5%)
Colorado	446,479 (7.8%)	1,458,761 (9.7%)
Lurie	308,593 (5.4%)	1,032,162 (6.9%)
National	712,624 (12.5%)	1,800,977 (12.0%)
Nationwide	525,385 (9.2%)	1,218,843 (8.1%)
Nemours	712,411 (12.5%)	1,948,410 (13.0%)
Seattle	261,218 (4.6%)	910,203 (6.1%)
Stanford	387,131 (6.8%)	930,790 (6.2%)
Texas	1,149,664 (20.2%)	2,850,026 (19.0%)
Sex
Female	2,881,893 (50.5%)	7,587,456 (50.5%)
Male	2,820,553 (49.5%)	7,412,605 (49.4%)
Race
American Indian or Alaska Native	19,073 (0.3%)	51,255 (0.3%)
Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander	347,428 (6.1%)	793,883 (5.3%)
Black/African American	968,504 (17.0%)	2,282,829 (15.2%)
White	2,972,707 (52.1%)	7,962,161 (53.0%)
Multiple race	239,445 (4.2%)	498,405 (3.3%)
Other**	953,844 (16.7%)	2,462,985 (16.4%)
Unknown	202,383 (3.5%)	963,587 (6.4%)
Ethnicity
Yes	1,286,479 (22.6%)	3,013,840 (20.1%)
No	3,910,004 (68.6%)	10,000,235 (66.6%)
Other/Unknown	506,901 (8.9%)	2,001,030 (13.3%)
Insurance Payer
Medicare/Medicaid	1,658,870 (29.1%)	4,149,292 (27.6%)
Private	2,754,002 (48.3%)	7,274,281 (48.4%)
Other/Unknown	1,290,512 (22.6%)	3,591,532 (23.9%)
Medical Complexity (PMCA)
Complex Chronic (malignant, progressive, or 2+ body systems)	512,986 (9.0%)	765,196 (5.1%)
Noncomplex Chronic	827,192 (14.5%)	1,324,462 (8.8%)
No Chronic Disorders	4,363,206 (76.5%)	12,898,622 (85.9%)

*Chronic refers to patients who were flagged as “Complex Chronic” or “Noncomplex Chronic” using PMCA.

**Other refers to the following responses from the EHR: “Other” or “Refuse to answer”.

Stratified by Site

	CCHMC	CHOP	Colorado	Lurie	National	Nationwide	Nemours	Seattle	Stanford	Texas	Overall
	N=1,132,479	N=1,732,454	N=1,458,761	N=1,032,162	N=1,800,977	N=1,218,843	N=1,948,410	N=910,203	N=930,790	N=2,850,026	N=15,015,105
Age at First Visit (in years)
0	369,917 (32.7%)	674,153 (38.9%)	448,254 (30.7%)	357,465 (34.6%)	509,812 (28.3%)	454,494 (37.3%)	680,431 (34.9%)	229,159 (25.2%)	222,637 (23.9%)	1,034,796 (36.3%)	4,981,118 (33.2%)
1 - 4	218,602 (19.3%)	400,995 (23.1%)	381,521 (26.2%)	247,410 (24.0%)	340,049 (18.9%)	282,065 (23.1%)	472,405 (24.2%)	220,519 (24.2%)	134,473 (14.4%)	641,014 (22.5%)	3,339,053 (22.2%)
5 - 11	248,784 (22.0%)	368,760 (21.3%)	315,257 (21.6%)	235,250 (22.8%)	402,073 (22.3%)	258,919 (21.2%)	480,544 (24.7%)	226,238 (24.9%)	171,441 (18.4%)	555,795 (19.5%)	3,263,061 (21.7%)
12 - 17	178,314 (15.7%)	212,941 (12.3%)	199,327 (13.7%)	153,640 (14.9%)	252,151 (14.0%)	162,273 (13.3%)	283,112 (14.5%)	178,771 (19.6%)	135,394 (14.5%)	287,967 (10.1%)	2,043,890 (13.6%)
18 - 24	30,749 (2.7%)	15,892 (0.9%)	30,559 (2.1%)	8,022 (0.8%)	96,708 (5.4%)	19,703 (1.6%)	7,470 (0.4%)	15,883 (1.7%)	60,496 (6.5%)	46,472 (1.6%)	331,954 (2.2%)
25+	86,113 (7.6%)	59,713 (3.4%)	58,390 (4.0%)	30,375 (2.9%)	200,158 (11.1%)	41,389 (3.4%)	24,379 (1.3%)	38,429 (4.2%)	206,349 (22.2%)	283,909 (10.0%)	1,029,204 (6.9%)
Mean	8.6	5.7	6.7	6.1	9.2	6.1	5.3	7.6	13.6	8.0	7.5
Median [Q1, Q3]	4.4 [0.3, 12.4]	2.4 [0.1, 8.8]	3.3 [0.6, 10.2]	3.1 [0.3, 9.8]	5.7 [0.6, 14.0]	2.5 [0.2, 9.5]	3.1 [0.2, 9.2]	5.1 [1.0, 12.2]	9.3 [1.2, 22.0]	3.0 [0.2, 10.5]	3.7 [0.4, 11.1]
Age at Last Visit (in years)
0	50,378 (4.4%)	98,991 (5.7%)	107,032 (7.3%)	95,216 (9.2%)	104,046 (5.8%)	58,067 (4.8%)	117,680 (6.0%)	82,510 (9.1%)	58,951 (6.3%)	168,738 (5.9%)	941,609 (6.3%)
1 - 4	176,734 (15.6%)	323,547 (18.7%)	299,279 (20.5%)	233,699 (22.6%)	311,746 (17.3%)	218,589 (17.9%)	376,899 (19.3%)	194,770 (21.4%)	127,443 (13.7%)	509,988 (17.9%)	2,772,694 (18.5%)
5 - 11	282,167 (24.9%)	476,949 (27.5%)	408,464 (28.0%)	313,496 (30.4%)	471,905 (26.2%)	341,585 (28.0%)	611,584 (31.4%)	261,788 (28.8%)	189,006 (20.3%)	780,903 (27.4%)	4,137,847 (27.6%)
12 - 17	280,549 (24.8%)	492,946 (28.5%)	412,382 (28.3%)	279,503 (27.1%)	421,882 (23.4%)	369,110 (30.3%)	625,444 (32.1%)	262,398 (28.8%)	191,258 (20.5%)	683,503 (24.0%)	4,018,975 (26.8%)
18 - 24	188,022 (16.6%)	255,422 (14.7%)	133,430 (9.1%)	74,289 (7.2%)	261,940 (14.5%)	167,011 (13.7%)	180,619 (9.3%)	66,128 (7.3%)	124,647 (13.4%)	344,001 (12.1%)	1,795,509 (12.0%)
25+	154,629 (13.7%)	84,599 (4.9%)	72,721 (5.0%)	35,959 (3.5%)	229,432 (12.7%)	64,481 (5.3%)	36,115 (1.9%)	41,405 (4.5%)	239,485 (25.7%)	362,820 (12.7%)	1,321,646 (8.8%)
Mean	15.0	12.0	11.3	10.1	13.4	12.3	10.6	10.6	17.9	14.0	12.7
Median [Q1, Q3]	13.4 [6.3, 19.1]	11.5 [5.1, 17.1]	10.2 [4.3, 16.1]	9.0 [3.6, 15.0]	12.2 [5.4, 18.5]	11.8 [5.5, 17.2]	10.5 [4.9, 15.7]	9.6 [3.8, 15.6]	15.2 [6.6, 25.6]	11.6 [5.2, 18.0]	11.4 [5.0, 17.3]
Duration of Follow-up (in years)
Mean	6.4	6.2	4.5	4.0	4.2	6.2	5.2	2.9	4.3	6.0	5.2
Median [Q1, Q3]	5.6 [1.2, 11.3]	4.2 [0.6, 10.5]	2.5 [0.2, 7.5]	1.9 [0.1, 6.5]	2.9 [0.2, 7.0]	5.1 [1.3, 10.3]	3.2 [0.4, 8.3]	1.0 [0.0, 4.8]	2.1 [0.2, 6.7]	4.2 [0.7, 9.8]	3.3 [0.4, 8.6]
Duration of Follow-up for All Chronic Patients (in years)*
Mean	7.7	8.3	6.9	6.6	6.8	8.6	7.3	5.7	5.9	7.8	7.3
Median [Q1, Q3]	7.2 [3.0, 12.4]	7.0 [2.9, 13.0]	5.3 [2.1, 10.7]	5.0 [2.1, 10.1]	6.4 [2.9, 10.4]	8.3 [3.7, 13.3]	5.8 [2.6, 10.8]	4.6 [1.7, 9.0]	4.0 [1.6, 8.8]	6.6 [2.8, 11.9]	6.1 [2.6, 11.2]
Sex
Female	576,638 (50.9%)	854,794 (49.3%)	722,251 (49.5%)	492,091 (47.7%)	914,473 (50.8%)	602,580 (49.4%)	928,378 (47.6%)	446,191 (49.0%)	541,152 (58.1%)	1,508,908 (52.9%)	7,587,456 (50.5%)
Male	555,649 (49.1%)	877,241 (50.6%)	726,496 (49.8%)	539,900 (52.3%)	885,870 (49.2%)	616,182 (50.6%)	1,019,922 (52.3%)	463,867 (51.0%)	389,406 (41.8%)	1,338,072 (46.9%)	7,412,605 (49.4%)
Race
American Indian or Alaska Native	1,543 (0.1%)	1,804 (0.1%)	7,974 (0.5%)	1,647 (0.2%)	9,128 (0.5%)	2,433 (0.2%)	3,293 (0.2%)	12,021 (1.3%)	1,751 (0.2%)	9,661 (0.3%)	51,255 (0.3%)
Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander	28,982 (2.6%)	82,579 (4.8%)	39,562 (2.7%)	53,571 (5.2%)	105,026 (5.8%)	47,818 (3.9%)	47,608 (2.4%)	94,559 (10.4%)	147,680 (15.9%)	146,498 (5.1%)	793,883 (5.3%)
Black/African American	162,596 (14.4%)	354,478 (20.5%)	82,357 (5.6%)	121,489 (11.8%)	495,360 (27.5%)	226,404 (18.6%)	337,044 (17.3%)	55,060 (6.0%)	17,721 (1.9%)	430,320 (15.1%)	2,282,829 (15.2%)
White	804,213 (71.0%)	933,281 (53.9%)	901,362 (61.8%)	482,921 (46.8%)	591,698 (32.9%)	772,556 (63.4%)	1,053,723 (54.1%)	460,525 (50.6%)	256,791 (27.6%)	1,705,091 (59.8%)	7,962,161 (53.0%)
Multiple race	40,367 (3.6%)	47,871 (2.8%)	95,970 (6.6%)	29,448 (2.9%)	1,515 (0.1%)	69,066 (5.7%)	53,132 (2.7%)	52,282 (5.7%)	26,475 (2.8%)	82,279 (2.9%)	498,405 (3.3%)
Other**	91,927 (8.1%)	287,036 (16.6%)	200,097 (13.7%)	275,450 (26.7%)	371,368 (20.6%)	16,131 (1.3%)	358,256 (18.4%)	203,806 (22.4%)	239,884 (25.8%)	419,030 (14.7%)	2,462,985 (16.4%)
Unknown	2,851 (0.3%)	25,405 (1.5%)	131,439 (9.0%)	67,636 (6.6%)	226,882 (12.6%)	84,435 (6.9%)	95,354 (4.9%)	31,950 (3.5%)	240,488 (25.8%)	57,147 (2.0%)	963,587 (6.4%)
Ethnicity
Yes	60,656 (5.4%)	160,039 (9.2%)	384,285 (26.3%)	314,480 (30.5%)	318,759 (17.7%)	68,271 (5.6%)	367,642 (18.9%)	154,908 (17.0%)	186,101 (20.0%)	998,699 (35.0%)	3,013,840 (20.1%)
No	1,027,225 (90.7%)	1,349,196 (77.9%)	909,273 (62.3%)	586,930 (56.9%)	1,050,391 (58.3%)	1,094,626 (89.8%)	1,455,211 (74.7%)	654,204 (71.9%)	413,845 (44.5%)	1,459,334 (51.2%)	10,000,235 (66.6%)
Other/Unknown	44,598 (3.9%)	223,219 (12.9%)	165,203 (11.3%)	130,752 (12.7%)	431,827 (24.0%)	55,946 (4.6%)	125,557 (6.4%)	101,091 (11.1%)	330,844 (35.5%)	391,993 (13.8%)	2,001,030 (13.3%)
Insurance Payer
Medicare/Medicaid	48,339 (4.3%)	521,918 (30.1%)	338,426 (23.2%)	422,000 (40.9%)	91,520 (5.1%)	520,335 (42.7%)	850,695 (43.7%)	371,782 (40.8%)	239,111 (25.7%)	745,166 (26.1%)	4,149,292 (27.6%)
Private	14,121 (1.2%)	1,171,189 (67.6%)	483,924 (33.2%)	426,932 (41.4%)	683,104 (37.9%)	579,734 (47.6%)	1,057,979 (54.3%)	453,289 (49.8%)	538,958 (57.9%)	1,865,051 (65.4%)	7,274,281 (48.4%)
Other/Unknown	1,070,019 (94.5%)	39,347 (2.3%)	636,411 (43.6%)	183,230 (17.8%)	1,026,353 (57.0%)	118,774 (9.7%)	39,736 (2.0%)	85,132 (9.4%)	152,721 (16.4%)	239,809 (8.4%)	3,591,532 (23.9%)
Medical Complexity (PMCA)
Complex Chronic (malignant, progressive, or 2+ body systems)	80,751 (7.1%)	105,560 (6.1%)	79,840 (5.5%)	46,066 (4.5%)	75,238 (4.2%)	50,695 (4.2%)	94,212 (4.8%)	55,265 (6.1%)	51,639 (5.5%)	125,930 (4.4%)	765,196 (5.1%)
Noncomplex Chronic	108,577 (9.6%)	166,096 (9.6%)	133,063 (9.1%)	68,125 (6.6%)	174,246 (9.7%)	89,754 (7.4%)	188,934 (9.7%)	73,863 (8.1%)	77,109 (8.3%)	244,695 (8.6%)	1,324,462 (8.8%)
No Chronic Disorders	943,151 (83.3%)	1,460,798 (84.3%)	1,220,405 (83.7%)	917,971 (88.9%)	1,551,467 (86.1%)	1,078,394 (88.5%)	1,665,195 (85.5%)	779,871 (85.7%)	802,042 (86.2%)	2,479,328 (87.0%)	12,898,622 (85.9%)