This category covers cohort definitions for patients with mental health and behavioral conditions, including mood disorders, anxiety, substance use, developmental disorders, and neurobehavioral syndromes. Phenotyping may involve diagnosis codes, psychotropic medication use, behavioral assessments, and mental health encounters or screening tools (e.g., PHQ-9 scores). Longitudinal patterns and age at onset may also be relevant. Example phenotypes include “Major Depressive Disorder,” often defined using diagnosis and treatment data plus clinical scoring systems, and “Autism Spectrum Disorder,” identified through diagnosis, developmental assessments, and behavioral therapy use.