Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a leading cause of acquired end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in children. The incidence of NS is approximately 2-5 per 100,000 children and its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Children with NS are classified based on: 1) Treatment (steroid) response 2) Renal biopsy and/or 3) Genetic mutation. However, the correlation among these classifications remains unclear and treatment guidelines are empiric. Children with NS experience significant morbidity and mortality, including infections, dyslipidemia, hypertension, deep vein thrombosis, and stroke. And the majority of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) have a poor prognosis and progress to ESKD. A subset of these patients will experience disease recurrence in the newly transplanted kidney. The overall goal of this study is to generate a novel classification tool to predict disease prognosis and therapeutic responsiveness for children with NS.
